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"""Time humanizing functions.
These are largely borrowed from Django's `contrib.humanize`.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import collections.abc
import datetime as dt
import math
import typing
from enum import Enum
from functools import total_ordering
from typing import Any
from .i18n import _gettext as _
from .i18n import _ngettext
from .number import intcomma
__all__ = [
"naturaldelta",
"naturaltime",
"naturalday",
"naturaldate",
"precisedelta",
]
@total_ordering
class Unit(Enum):
MICROSECONDS = 0
MILLISECONDS = 1
SECONDS = 2
MINUTES = 3
HOURS = 4
DAYS = 5
MONTHS = 6
YEARS = 7
def __lt__(self, other: typing.Any) -> typing.Any:
if self.__class__ is other.__class__:
return self.value < other.value
return NotImplemented
def _now() -> dt.datetime:
return dt.datetime.now()
def _abs_timedelta(delta: dt.timedelta) -> dt.timedelta:
"""Return an "absolute" value for a timedelta, always representing a time distance.
Args:
delta (datetime.timedelta): Input timedelta.
Returns:
datetime.timedelta: Absolute timedelta.
"""
if delta.days < 0:
now = _now()
return now - (now + delta)
return delta
def _date_and_delta(
value: typing.Any, *, now: dt.datetime | None = None
) -> tuple[typing.Any, typing.Any]:
"""Turn a value into a date and a timedelta which represents how long ago it was.
If that's not possible, return `(None, value)`.
"""
if not now:
now = _now()
if isinstance(value, dt.datetime):
date = value
delta = now - value
elif isinstance(value, dt.timedelta):
date = now - value
delta = value
else:
try:
value = int(value)
delta = dt.timedelta(seconds=value)
date = now - delta
except (ValueError, TypeError):
return None, value
return date, _abs_timedelta(delta)
def naturaldelta(
value: dt.timedelta | float,
months: bool = True,
minimum_unit: str = "seconds",
) -> str:
"""Return a natural representation of a timedelta or number of seconds.
This is similar to `naturaltime`, but does not add tense to the result.
Args:
value (datetime.timedelta, int or float): A timedelta or a number of seconds.
months (bool): If `True`, then a number of months (based on 30.5 days) will be
used for fuzziness between years.
minimum_unit (str): The lowest unit that can be used.
Returns:
str (str or `value`): A natural representation of the amount of time
elapsed unless `value` is not datetime.timedelta or cannot be
converted to int. In that case, a `value` is returned unchanged.
Raises:
OverflowError: If `value` is too large to convert to datetime.timedelta.
Examples
Compare two timestamps in a custom local timezone::
import datetime as dt
from dateutil.tz import gettz
berlin = gettz("Europe/Berlin")
now = dt.datetime.now(tz=berlin)
later = now + dt.timedelta(minutes=30)
assert naturaldelta(later - now) == "30 minutes"
"""
tmp = Unit[minimum_unit.upper()]
if tmp not in (Unit.SECONDS, Unit.MILLISECONDS, Unit.MICROSECONDS):
msg = f"Minimum unit '{minimum_unit}' not supported"
raise ValueError(msg)
min_unit = tmp
if isinstance(value, dt.timedelta):
delta = value
else:
try:
value = int(value)
delta = dt.timedelta(seconds=value)
except (ValueError, TypeError):
return str(value)
use_months = months
seconds = abs(delta.seconds)
days = abs(delta.days)
years = days // 365
days = days % 365
num_months = int(days // 30.5)
if not years and days < 1:
if seconds == 0:
if min_unit == Unit.MICROSECONDS and delta.microseconds < 1000:
return (
_ngettext("%d microsecond", "%d microseconds", delta.microseconds)
% delta.microseconds
)
if min_unit == Unit.MILLISECONDS or (
min_unit == Unit.MICROSECONDS and 1000 <= delta.microseconds < 1_000_000
):
milliseconds = delta.microseconds / 1000
return (
_ngettext("%d millisecond", "%d milliseconds", int(milliseconds))
% milliseconds
)
return _("a moment")
if seconds == 1:
return _("a second")
if seconds < 60:
return _ngettext("%d second", "%d seconds", seconds) % seconds
if 60 <= seconds < 120:
return _("a minute")
if 120 <= seconds < 3600:
minutes = seconds // 60
return _ngettext("%d minute", "%d minutes", minutes) % minutes
if 3600 <= seconds < 3600 * 2:
return _("an hour")
if 3600 < seconds:
hours = seconds // 3600
return _ngettext("%d hour", "%d hours", hours) % hours
elif years == 0:
if days == 1:
return _("a day")
if not use_months:
return _ngettext("%d day", "%d days", days) % days
if not num_months:
return _ngettext("%d day", "%d days", days) % days
if num_months == 1:
return _("a month")
return _ngettext("%d month", "%d months", num_months) % num_months
elif years == 1:
if not num_months and not days:
return _("a year")
if not num_months:
return _ngettext("1 year, %d day", "1 year, %d days", days) % days
if use_months:
if num_months == 1:
return _("1 year, 1 month")
return (
_ngettext("1 year, %d month", "1 year, %d months", num_months)
% num_months
)
return _ngettext("1 year, %d day", "1 year, %d days", days) % days
return _ngettext("%d year", "%d years", years).replace("%d", "%s") % intcomma(years)
def naturaltime(
value: dt.datetime | dt.timedelta | float,
future: bool = False,
months: bool = True,
minimum_unit: str = "seconds",
when: dt.datetime | None = None,
) -> str:
"""Return a natural representation of a time in a resolution that makes sense.
This is more or less compatible with Django's `naturaltime` filter.
Args:
value (datetime.datetime, datetime.timedelta, int or float): A `datetime`, a
`timedelta`, or a number of seconds.
future (bool): Ignored for `datetime`s and `timedelta`s, where the tense is
always figured out based on the current time. For integers and floats, the
return value will be past tense by default, unless future is `True`.
months (bool): If `True`, then a number of months (based on 30.5 days) will be
used for fuzziness between years.
minimum_unit (str): The lowest unit that can be used.
when (datetime.datetime): Point in time relative to which _value_ is
interpreted. Defaults to the current time in the local timezone.
Returns:
str: A natural representation of the input in a resolution that makes sense.
"""
value = _convert_aware_datetime(value)
when = _convert_aware_datetime(when)
now = when or _now()
date, delta = _date_and_delta(value, now=now)
if date is None:
return str(value)
# determine tense by value only if datetime/timedelta were passed
if isinstance(value, (dt.datetime, dt.timedelta)):
future = date > now
ago = _("%s from now") if future else _("%s ago")
delta = naturaldelta(delta, months, minimum_unit)
if delta == _("a moment"):
return _("now")
return str(ago % delta)
def _convert_aware_datetime(
value: dt.datetime | dt.timedelta | float | None,
) -> Any:
"""Convert aware datetime to naive datetime and pass through any other type."""
if isinstance(value, dt.datetime) and value.tzinfo is not None:
value = dt.datetime.fromtimestamp(value.timestamp())
return value
def naturalday(value: dt.date | dt.datetime, format: str = "%b %d") -> str:
"""Return a natural day.
For date values that are tomorrow, today or yesterday compared to
present day return representing string. Otherwise, return a string
formatted according to `format`.
"""
try:
value = dt.date(value.year, value.month, value.day)
except AttributeError:
# Passed value wasn't date-ish
return str(value)
except (OverflowError, ValueError):
# Date arguments out of range
return str(value)
delta = value - dt.date.today()
if delta.days == 0:
return _("today")
if delta.days == 1:
return _("tomorrow")
if delta.days == -1:
return _("yesterday")
return value.strftime(format)
def naturaldate(value: dt.date | dt.datetime) -> str:
"""Like `naturalday`, but append a year for dates more than ~five months away."""
try:
value = dt.date(value.year, value.month, value.day)
except AttributeError:
# Passed value wasn't date-ish
return str(value)
except (OverflowError, ValueError):
# Date arguments out of range
return str(value)
delta = _abs_timedelta(value - dt.date.today())
if delta.days >= 5 * 365 / 12:
return naturalday(value, "%b %d %Y")
return naturalday(value)
def _quotient_and_remainder(
value: float,
divisor: float,
unit: Unit,
minimum_unit: Unit,
suppress: collections.abc.Iterable[Unit],
) -> tuple[float, float]:
"""Divide `value` by `divisor` returning the quotient and remainder.
If `unit` is `minimum_unit`, makes the quotient a float number and the remainder
will be zero. The rational is that if `unit` is the unit of the quotient, we cannot
represent the remainder because it would require a unit smaller than the
`minimum_unit`.
>>> from humanize.time import _quotient_and_remainder, Unit
>>> _quotient_and_remainder(36, 24, Unit.DAYS, Unit.DAYS, [])
(1.5, 0)
If unit is in `suppress`, the quotient will be zero and the remainder will be the
initial value. The idea is that if we cannot use `unit`, we are forced to use a
lower unit so we cannot do the division.
>>> _quotient_and_remainder(36, 24, Unit.DAYS, Unit.HOURS, [Unit.DAYS])
(0, 36)
In other case return quotient and remainder as `divmod` would do it.
>>> _quotient_and_remainder(36, 24, Unit.DAYS, Unit.HOURS, [])
(1, 12)
"""
if unit == minimum_unit:
return value / divisor, 0
if unit in suppress:
return 0, value
return divmod(value, divisor)
def _carry(
value1: float,
value2: float,
ratio: float,
unit: Unit,
min_unit: Unit,
suppress: typing.Iterable[Unit],
) -> tuple[float, float]:
"""Return a tuple with two values.
If the unit is in `suppress`, multiply `value1` by `ratio` and add it to `value2`
(carry to right). The idea is that if we cannot represent `value1` we need to
represent it in a lower unit.
>>> from humanize.time import _carry, Unit
>>> _carry(2, 6, 24, Unit.DAYS, Unit.SECONDS, [Unit.DAYS])
(0, 54)
If the unit is the minimum unit, `value2` is divided by `ratio` and added to
`value1` (carry to left). We assume that `value2` has a lower unit so we need to
carry it to `value1`.
>>> _carry(2, 6, 24, Unit.DAYS, Unit.DAYS, [])
(2.25, 0)
Otherwise, just return the same input:
>>> _carry(2, 6, 24, Unit.DAYS, Unit.SECONDS, [])
(2, 6)
"""
if unit == min_unit:
return value1 + value2 / ratio, 0
if unit in suppress:
return 0, value2 + value1 * ratio
return value1, value2
def _suitable_minimum_unit(min_unit: Unit, suppress: typing.Iterable[Unit]) -> Unit:
"""Return a minimum unit suitable that is not suppressed.
If not suppressed, return the same unit:
>>> from humanize.time import _suitable_minimum_unit, Unit
>>> _suitable_minimum_unit(Unit.HOURS, []).name
'HOURS'
But if suppressed, find a unit greater than the original one that is not
suppressed:
>>> _suitable_minimum_unit(Unit.HOURS, [Unit.HOURS]).name
'DAYS'
>>> _suitable_minimum_unit(Unit.HOURS, [Unit.HOURS, Unit.DAYS]).name
'MONTHS'
"""
if min_unit in suppress:
for unit in Unit:
if unit > min_unit and unit not in suppress:
return unit
msg = "Minimum unit is suppressed and no suitable replacement was found"
raise ValueError(msg)
return min_unit
def _suppress_lower_units(min_unit: Unit, suppress: typing.Iterable[Unit]) -> set[Unit]:
"""Extend suppressed units (if any) with all units lower than the minimum unit.
>>> from humanize.time import _suppress_lower_units, Unit
>>> [x.name for x in sorted(_suppress_lower_units(Unit.SECONDS, [Unit.DAYS]))]
['MICROSECONDS', 'MILLISECONDS', 'DAYS']
"""
suppress = set(suppress)
for unit in Unit:
if unit == min_unit:
break
suppress.add(unit)
return suppress
def precisedelta(
value: dt.timedelta | int | None,
minimum_unit: str = "seconds",
suppress: typing.Iterable[str] = (),
format: str = "%0.2f",
) -> str:
"""Return a precise representation of a timedelta.
```pycon
>>> import datetime as dt
>>> from humanize.time import precisedelta
>>> delta = dt.timedelta(seconds=3633, days=2, microseconds=123000)
>>> precisedelta(delta)
'2 days, 1 hour and 33.12 seconds'
```
A custom `format` can be specified to control how the fractional part
is represented:
```pycon
>>> precisedelta(delta, format="%0.4f")
'2 days, 1 hour and 33.1230 seconds'
```
Instead, the `minimum_unit` can be changed to have a better resolution;
the function will still readjust the unit to use the greatest of the
units that does not lose precision.
For example setting microseconds but still representing the date with milliseconds:
```pycon
>>> precisedelta(delta, minimum_unit="microseconds")
'2 days, 1 hour, 33 seconds and 123 milliseconds'
```
If desired, some units can be suppressed: you will not see them represented and the
time of the other units will be adjusted to keep representing the same timedelta:
```pycon
>>> precisedelta(delta, suppress=['days'])
'49 hours and 33.12 seconds'
```
Note that microseconds precision is lost if the seconds and all
the units below are suppressed:
```pycon
>>> delta = dt.timedelta(seconds=90, microseconds=100)
>>> precisedelta(delta, suppress=['seconds', 'milliseconds', 'microseconds'])
'1.50 minutes'
```
If the delta is too small to be represented with the minimum unit,
a value of zero will be returned:
```pycon
>>> delta = dt.timedelta(seconds=1)
>>> precisedelta(delta, minimum_unit="minutes")
'0.02 minutes'
>>> delta = dt.timedelta(seconds=0.1)
>>> precisedelta(delta, minimum_unit="minutes")
'0 minutes'
```
"""
date, delta = _date_and_delta(value)
if date is None:
return str(value)
suppress_set = {Unit[s.upper()] for s in suppress}
# Find a suitable minimum unit (it can be greater the one that the
# user gave us if it is suppressed).
min_unit = Unit[minimum_unit.upper()]
min_unit = _suitable_minimum_unit(min_unit, suppress_set)
del minimum_unit
# Expand the suppressed units list/set to include all the units
# that are below the minimum unit
suppress_set = _suppress_lower_units(min_unit, suppress_set)
# handy aliases
days = delta.days
secs = delta.seconds
usecs = delta.microseconds
MICROSECONDS, MILLISECONDS, SECONDS, MINUTES, HOURS, DAYS, MONTHS, YEARS = list(
Unit
)
# Given DAYS compute YEARS and the remainder of DAYS as follows:
# if YEARS is the minimum unit, we cannot use DAYS so
# we will use a float for YEARS and 0 for DAYS:
# years, days = years/days, 0
#
# if YEARS is suppressed, use DAYS:
# years, days = 0, days
#
# otherwise:
# years, days = divmod(years, days)
#
# The same applies for months, hours, minutes and milliseconds below
years, days = _quotient_and_remainder(days, 365, YEARS, min_unit, suppress_set)
months, days = _quotient_and_remainder(days, 30.5, MONTHS, min_unit, suppress_set)
# If DAYS is not in suppress, we can represent the days but
# if it is a suppressed unit, we need to carry it to a lower unit,
# seconds in this case.
#
# The same applies for secs and usecs below
days, secs = _carry(days, secs, 24 * 3600, DAYS, min_unit, suppress_set)
hours, secs = _quotient_and_remainder(secs, 3600, HOURS, min_unit, suppress_set)
minutes, secs = _quotient_and_remainder(secs, 60, MINUTES, min_unit, suppress_set)
secs, usecs = _carry(secs, usecs, 1e6, SECONDS, min_unit, suppress_set)
msecs, usecs = _quotient_and_remainder(
usecs, 1000, MILLISECONDS, min_unit, suppress_set
)
# if _unused != 0 we had lost some precision
usecs, _unused = _carry(usecs, 0, 1, MICROSECONDS, min_unit, suppress_set)
fmts = [
("%d year", "%d years", years),
("%d month", "%d months", months),
("%d day", "%d days", days),
("%d hour", "%d hours", hours),
("%d minute", "%d minutes", minutes),
("%d second", "%d seconds", secs),
("%d millisecond", "%d milliseconds", msecs),
("%d microsecond", "%d microseconds", usecs),
]
texts: list[str] = []
for unit, fmt in zip(reversed(Unit), fmts):
singular_txt, plural_txt, fmt_value = fmt
if fmt_value > 0 or (not texts and unit == min_unit):
_fmt_value = 2 if 1 < fmt_value < 2 else int(fmt_value)
fmt_txt = _ngettext(singular_txt, plural_txt, _fmt_value)
if unit == min_unit and math.modf(fmt_value)[0] > 0:
fmt_txt = fmt_txt.replace("%d", format)
elif unit == YEARS:
fmt_txt = fmt_txt.replace("%d", "%s")
texts.append(fmt_txt % intcomma(fmt_value))
continue
texts.append(fmt_txt % fmt_value)
if unit == min_unit:
break
if len(texts) == 1:
return texts[0]
head = ", ".join(texts[:-1])
tail = texts[-1]
return _("%s and %s") % (head, tail)
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